Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is a term used to describe inflammation or infection of the clear skin, or conjunctiva, that covers the white part of the eye—the sclera. Viral infection, bacterial infection, and allergy are the three main causes of typical conjunctivitis. Their symptoms and signs can differentiate them.
Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
By far the most common form of conjunctivitis that is caused by any of the common cold viruses. It is usually preceded by an upper respiratory infection or contact with someone who has a cold. It typically starts in one eye but quickly spreads to the other eye as it is very contagious.
Symptoms
Red eye
Clear tear discharge
Eyelids pasted shut upon awakening
Foreign body sensation or ache
This conjunctivitis typically lasts about one week but can last longer. Because it is highly contagious, frequent hand washing is necessary to prevent spread of the infection and one should not work if their job requires much personal interaction.
Treatment
Using artificial tears may lessen the symptoms, but like a cold, it must run its course. Antibiotic drops are ineffective as the causative agent is a virus, not bacteria.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
A very uncommon form of conjunctivitis that differs from viral conjunctivitis in that it is caused by any number of possible bacteria. It usually only affects one eye and does not spread to the other eye as it is not very contagious. Bacterial conjunctivitis often develops suddenly and can be more severe than viral forms. It is important to seek treatment because, if left untreated, the infection can persist and potentially lead to complications, although serious issues are rare.
Symptoms
Red eye
Thick, pus-like discharge in copious amounts throughout the day
Moderately painful
Vision is usually affected
Treatment
Antibiotic eye drops are the typical therapy, but sometimes oral medications are also required. Without treatment, serious damage can occur.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
This is a common eye condition that results from allergic reactions affecting the conjunctiva, the thin layer of tissue covering the white part of your eyes and the inside of your eyelids. It usually affects both eyes at the same time and often occurs alongside other allergies, such as hay fever or asthma. This condition happens when your immune system reacts to substances in the environment—such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, or certain cosmetics—viewing them as threats. When exposed, your body releases chemicals like histamine, which cause the blood vessels in the eyes to become enlarged.
Symptoms
Red eye
Sticky whitish colored tears
Mild to severe itching symptoms may persist for months
Treatment
Prescription allergy eye drops can be used to lessen the irritation. Many allergens, like laundry detergent, pets, make-up, soap, pillows, etc., can be changed or removed from the situation to help alleviate the problems.